13 November 2008

Corylus americana:


American Hazelnut (Corylus americana)

In the past year (2008) I have been asked many many times....

Q: Does this plant need to have a male and a female plant to cross pollinate in order to produce fruit?

A: No,this plant is monoecious. It has both sexes are on the same plant.

This plant is slow to develop at first. I recommend starting with a #5 container size (24"-30" ht.). It takes 4 to 5 years for this plant grow large enough to develop fruit (hazelnuts). This confuses many people who are eager to have fruit. This plant really needs to be in mostly sun during the day. If American Hazelnut is in too much shade it will produce little or no fruit. This confuses many people who are eager to have fruit. In the meantime, enjoy its structure, fall color and habitat cover until the fruit arrive.

More information is available at USDA.
http://www.plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_coam3.pdf


27 October 2008

Wildflower Berries for the Birds

Wildflower Berries
Native to Minnesota

Fruits on these plants appear in September-October. The fruit are important for birds as they prepare for migration. These plants are usually found along woodland margins and open woods. In other words, these plants do well in partial sun.
I highly recommend for gardens that are for the birds.


Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-Pulpit)
Aralia racemosa (American Spikenard)
Smilax herbacea (Smooth Carrion Flower) Very smelly during bloom
Smilacina racemosa (False Solomon's Seal)
Smilacina stellata (Starry False Solomon's Seal)
Polygonatum biflorum (Solomon's Seal)
Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh)
Actaea racemosa (Black Cohosh; Bugbane) Native WI
Actaea rubra (Red Baneberry)
Actaea pachypoda (Doll's Eyes)
Maianthemum canadense (Wild Lily-of-the-Valley)

27 September 2008

American Native Tea?

New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus)

From The Boston Gazette, 1768: "Tea made from a plant or shrub (Ceanothus americanus) grown in Pearsontown about 20 miles from Portland, Maine, was served to a circle of ladies and gentlemen in Newbury Port, who pronounced it nearly, if not quite, its equal in flavor to genuine Bohea tea.

So important a discovery claims attention, especially at this crisis. If we have the plant, nothing is wanted but the process of curing it into tea of our own manufacture." This brew was quite popular during the American Revolution, instead of British tea.

It had many colloquial names: New Jersey Tea, Indian Tea, Walpole Tea, and Redroot, among others. Ironically, it was also shipped to Great Britain and the rest of Europe, as one of America's earliest exports.

To brew your own, first roast the leaves of Ceanothus americanus (available in herb shops and health food stores) in a "slow oven," about 250-300 degrees F., until crisp. Steep the roasted leaves in a cup of boiling water, about one teaspoon per cup. Add honey or brown sugar to taste.

Source http://www.umaine.edu/ceskl/Dishrag10,11,12%2004.pdf as the text appeared at this website.

Photo credit: erik james olsen.


23 September 2008

Why is Rain Water Best For Plants?

Yesterday was the first day of Fall (Autumnal Equinox), and today September 23rd is the first "full day of autumn". Today it rained off and on again throughout the day. We received about 8/10th of an inch in total. This is excellent! This summer was hot and dry and we have been receiving precipitation again.



Today I visited with a client of mine. After discussing a landscaping proposal we both agreed that it was nice to see some much needed rain. My client then proceeded to tell me about the benefits of rain water versus tap water. He told me that rain water is more oxygenated than tap water, has a lower pH, and doesn't have chlorine in it. Our local city tap water is around pH 7.0, has low oxygen content and has chlorine and fluoride in it.



According to my client, plant root systems can uptake nutrients better when the pH is between 5 and 6.8. Plants really perk up after rainfall, and he as even seen where oxygenating devices were used to increase the yield of tomatoes and strawberries.



He even suggested that lightning may play a part like electrolysis to charge particles in rain, that additionally benefits plants.



Rain harvesting with rain barrels is becoming more popular practice because only 2.5% of the earths water is naturally fresh water. Our planets human population (over 6.6 billion) is souring and there is a need to conserve municipal water, and rain water for use.

18 April 2008

Sanguinaria canadensis





Bloodroot
Sanguinaria canadensis


Ht. 6-9" W 6".
Prefers mesic loam soils. Partial sun to filtered light. Two basal leaves clasp the flower stem like "hands" then the leaves and white flower open in early May.

Native to deciduous woodlands, flood plains, near shores and wooded slopes. Rhizomatous. Zone 4.




During the last week in April and the first week in May, this plant goes through an amazing transformation.











This plant does well in quiet, shaded places in urban and sub-urban yards as well. I use this plant as an "accent" or a subtle detail within the garden for two reasons, a.) this plant looks great until June and then goes dormant for the season b.) this is an expensive plant in the nursery trade compared to other common woodland wildflowers.

Mud Pies and Other Recipes

Mud Pies and Other Recipes: A Cookbook for Dolls (Paperback)by Marjorie Winslow (Author), Erik Blegvad (Illustrator)

April showers bring May flowers. April showers also makes nice fresh mud. This classic book will help you and your children, grandchildren, nieces and newphews create the best available recipes with mud. This is a "splendid table" that even Lynne Rossetto Kasper would enjoy.

24 March 2008

Bringing Nature Home: An Urban Yard

Bringing nature home has given a family over 10 years of gardening and birding enjoyment in their own back yard. In 1997 Robert & Marlene Olsen of Saint Paul hired Out Back Nursery and Landscaping to design and install a back yard habitat garden utilizing Minnesota native plants.


The original backyard was lawn grass and a privet hedge along the alley. Common visitors to their yard were European Starlings, English Sparrows, Robins, Mourning Doves and Grackles.

They were interested in an ecological approach to attract more birds. The Olsen’s are avid bird watchers and were interested in wider variety in their own back yard. They were also open to reducing time and resources spent on mowing and watering the lawn.

The design concept integrates native plants from the “oak savanna” and “prairie” plant communities of Minnesota with some formal elements such as hedges and patio. An outdoor room is located between the house and garage with a brick patio.

Hedges of White Snowberry, ‘Regent’ Serviceberry and American Hazelnut surround three side of the patio.


The remaining side opens to the “prairie” garden which covers most of the back yard. 24 wildflower species and 5 grass species are still thriving in the garden today.

11 wildflowers produce seeds for the birds and 8 wildflowers provide nectar for the Ruby throated Hummingbird. A Pagoda Dogwood and Allegheny Serviceberry tree are included in the garden because they have berries that are irresistible for birds like the Northern Cardinal and Cedar Waxwing.

As the garden matures and evolves, the diversity of birds has increased. A supplemental bird feeder and bird bath are located in the garden. They are convinced that the garden and feeders complement each other very well. “We see juncos and finches amidst the wildflowers and grasses throughout the season as well as at the feeder.


The Olsen’s always tell people, “Every garden should have Serviceberry shrubs and Blazingstar wildflowers, these two plants attract birds and look great!” Also, they often remark on how they spend 60% less time mowing and virtually don’t water the garden.


Common visitors: Dark eyed Juncos, Downy & Hairy Woodpeckers, Mourning Dove, Northern Cardinal, Blue Jay, Black capped Chickadee, Goldfinch, Purple Finch, House Finch, White Breasted Nuthatch.


Occasional visitors: Gray Catbird, Chipping Sparrow, Harris Sparrow, Cedar Waxwing, Red breasted Nuthatch, American Crow, Yellow Shafted Flicker, Grackle, English Sparrow, Starlings, Robin.


Highlights: Ruby throated Hummingbird (feeds on Fragrant Hyssop, Wild Columbine, Blazingstar, Great Blue Lobelia nectar); Sharp-shinned Hawk/Cooper’s hawk (feeds on songbirds that come to the garden); American Kestrel (feeds on mice)